Grounds/Reasons for the 13 Written Questions

Chapter 21.        Human behaviour has been forced to change after learning from their mistakes

The Writer recalls when he was a late teenager on occasions travelling on a Sunday with his older brother to The Newport Arms Hotel on Sydney's northern beaches to have a few beers and drive home some 15 miles.  The Writer evidenced some hotel patrons "as full as googs" late Sunday arvo getting behind the wheel of their motor vehicles and driving off.  The Newport Arms Hotel was open on a Sunday because it was outside the "20 Miles Limit".

 

From the advent of the motor car in the 1930s until 1968 a "20 Miles Limit" applied to hotels trading in NSW on Sundays.  Hotels within 20 miles of the CBD could not trade on a Sunday.  Hotels beyond the "20 Miles Limit" could sell alcohol over the bar on a Sunday, so that motor vehicle travelers, which included the driver, could enjoy a drink/s.  The Argus Newspaper contained an article dated Thurs, 18 Aug 1955 (pg 5) which included:

"The, Rev. Palmer Phillips, who led the deputation, asks that the bona fide travel limit be extended from 20 miles to 100 miles.  Sunday motorists will soon find it harder to obtain a beer during their day's outing.  Mr. Rylah, Chief Secretary, said the Government was concerned at the amount of Sunday drinking and driving.  The Rev. J. Robertson McCue said drink was a greater danger than the atom bomb.  "We are losing more people on the roads now than all the wars in history," he said.

Random Breath Testing commenced in NSW on 16 Dec 1968 with a blood-alcohol limit of 0.08.  Drivers could be tested only after an accident or driving offence.  On 15 Dec 1980 the blood-alcohol limit was lowered to 0.05.  On 17 Dec 1982 random breath testing trial begins.  On 10 Dec 1985, RBT became law.  The fatality toll was 1,291 in NSW in 1981.  It more than halved to 524 in 2001
"Before Random Breath Testing, drinking and driving was regarded as almost as natural as breathing.  The culture in every pub was "let's have one for the road".  You don't hear that any more," said George Paciullo, the former NSW MP and an architect of the scheme, with some pride.

 

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As a young chap, the Writer was taught that "sunshine is good for your health".  Two of his cousins were brothers who had pale Celtic complexions.  They both were surf lifesavers at Whale Beach and died 6 months apart in their late 40s from melanoma.  Skol, which was the sun lotion of that era, attracted sun penetration.  Coppertone was no better.  Nowadays, we are regularly warned about sun damage and skin cancer.  School children often wear hats when playing in the playground.

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Movies in the '40s and '50s regularly evidenced Clark Gable, Lucille Ball, Humphrey Bogart, Yul Brynner, Spencer Tracy, 'et al' smoking often incessantly during movies/films shown at 'picture theatres'.  These five famous actors, plus a welter of other less known actors, that were paid by the cigarette companies to smoke on screen, died painful deaths from throat, larynx, mouth, or lung cancer.  Fifty years later, there are countless warnings about the perils of receiving too much sun and not to smoke cigarettes.

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From 1 July 2012, the Victorian government introduced a prohibition on ATMs in Victorian gaming venues. ATMs are no longer permitted anywhere on venue premises, including outside walls or in the car park. ATMs are also prohibited from being within 50 meters of any race track or within 50 meters of the gaming areas of Victoria's Crown Casino in Melbourne.

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Until the 1850s in Britain, homosexuality carried the death sentence and people who turned a blind eye or were an accessory to homosexuality risked being transported to Australia. One such man was William Bonill, who was accused of letting two men, James Pratt and John Smith, have sex in his room. Pratt and Smith were executed while Bonill was sentenced to 14 years jail.  Australian law emulated the Motherland.

In 1932, an Australian tabloid, The Arrow, described the growth of the "pervert population" of Brisbane, largely men aged 18 to 25, whose activities presented "a scandal of evil almost unprecedented".  The article called for police action to suppress and end their gatherings.  It reported clandestine weddings between gay men there: "In the last two weeks there have been two 'weddings'—ghastly, horrifying spectacles of painted men and primping lads united in a sacrilegious blasphemy that they call the 'bonds of matrimony'."

In 1951, the New South Wales Crimes Act was amended to ensure that homosexuality remained a criminal act "with or without the consent of the person".

In 1979, Victoria had a maximum penalty of 20 years jail for homosexual acts between males.   Homosexuality remained a crime in NSW until 1984.

The last gay man was arrested on 14 Dec 1984 in Hobart, Tasmania, when he was found having sexual conduct with another man on the side of the road in a car.  He was sentenced to eight months jail.

On 4 March 1990, The Sun Herald reported an alarming rate of violence experienced by the homosexual community in Sydney indicating that 'packs' - of up to 15 youths - were responsible for 30 attacks each week. The Age published an article on 29 May 1990 noting that between January and March of 1990 one murder and more than 30 bashings had been reported in Sydney's inner city area 

LGBT rights in Australia have gradually progressed since the late-20th century.  Anti-discrimination laws now protect LGBT people in many areas of employment and service access.  Same sex couples enjoy many of the same rights and benefits as other couples.  More importantly, LGBT citizens are respected/treated as equal by approx. 80% of the Australian population.  We have come a long way forward.  Alas, a lot of Asia and Russia have not followed suit.

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It was not until after World War 2 that women could be appointed to the Australian Public Service.  Until 1966, single working women in the Australian Public Service were obliged to resign on the eve of their wedding seemingly to attend to their husband in the home.  In 1972, women in the Australian Public Service received equal pay for equal work.

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An overwhelming 'yes vote' in the 1967 national referendum bestowed citizenship status on the indigenous population of Australia thereby opening up employment to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men and women. 

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The Vietnam War was initially a conflict between North and South Vietnam. The United States was concerned that, should North Vietnam prevail and turn Vietnam into a communist state, neighboring countries such as Laos, Cambodia and Thailand were likely to succumb in what was called the ‘Domino Theory’.  Proponents of "McCarthyism" contended that other Asian countries like Myanmar (Burma), Malaya and Indonesia (right on Australia's northern tip) would follow into communism.

As an ally of the United States and with its own interest in seeing the South-East Asian region free of communism, Australia was an enthusiastic supporter of American policy in Vietnam.  Australian popular opinion through most of the 1960's was "All the way with LBJ."

Australian troops began fighting in South Vietnam in 1966.  Almost 60,000 Australians, including ground troops and air force and navy personnel, served in Vietnam.  521 Australians died as a result of the Vietnam war and over 3,000 were wounded.

After 1968 the United States began downsizing its armed forces in Vietnam.

Carriage of the war was left to South Vietnam from late 1972.

The remaining Australian combat troops in Vietnam, being a platoon guarding the Australian embassy in Saigon, were withdrawn in June 1973.

South Vietnam fell to the North in 1975. 

The ‘Domino Effect’ never eventuated.  Communism never came.

Vietnamese people are some of the most peaceful people in the world.  According to an analysis by the Pew Research Center, in 2010 about -

  • 45.3% of the Vietnamese adhere to indigenous religions;

  • 16.4% to Buddhism;

  • 8.2% to Christianity;

  • 0.4% to other faiths; and

  • 29.6% of the population isn't religious.

Inhabitants in adjoining countries are equally peaceful.  Most merely want to be left alone to farm to feed their family.

*        Lao :                  Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. 

*        Cambodian:     Various factors contribute to the Cambodian culture including Theravada Buddhism, Hinduism, French colonialism, Angkorian culture, and modern globalisation.  Cambodia is ruled by King Norodom Sihamoni

*        Indonesia:         Remains strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam and Christianity.

*        Thailand:           Prevalent religion is Theravada Buddhism

 

The only "Winner" out of the Vietnam War were the ammunitions and military aircraft companies (McDonnell Douglas, Bell UH-1 Iroquois, Lockheed, Boeing) that played a considerable role in swaying public opinion that communism was a threat.

 

In Iraq 30 years later, "Weapons of Mass Destruction" had similar motives for the Neoconservatives - Messrs Cheney (Halliburton), Wolfowitz and Rumsfeld 'et al'.  The USA would never have invaded Iraq if 9/11 had not been perpetrated by a shrewd foe intent on destabilizing the USA.  WMD's were not found.  The 'Coalition of the Willing' galvanized three traditional opponents, Sunnis, Shiites and Kurds, to have a common enemy.  Obliterating parts of Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan, upset some of the locals (ISIS, Boko Harum 'et al' ) to slay the Western Infidels.

 

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Fifty years ago, the wife to be at an Australian wedding ceremony would promise to love, honour and obey their designated decision maker.

 

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Fifty years ago, children "should be seen but not heard".  Nowadays, children are encouraged to be self-confident and assertive, because those skills are integral to survival in a competitive social environment.

 

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Summary of lessons learnt

  1. Australians are no longer allowed to imbibe alcohol and then drive a motor vehicle. 
  2. Australians are regularly warned about sun damage to skin cancer.  School children often wear hats when playing in the playground.
  3. Australians, in some states, have limited access to ATMs at casinos.
  4. Australians cannot obtain a driver's licence in most states until aged 17 years because they are deemed to lack the maturity to drive unsupervised below that age. 
  5. Australians are not allowed to vote until aged 18 because they are considered to not possess the judgment to cast a thoughtful vote. 
  6. Australians are not allowed to imbibe alcohol in a hotel, licensed club etc. under 18, because they are deemed to have not yet reached an age where they can handle alcohol responsibly, and thus are more likely to harm or even kill themselves and/or others.
  7. Australians no longer execute or jail other Australians that engage in same sex relationships.  LGBT citizens are respected as equal by approx. 80% of the Australian population.
  8. Australian women are now treated as equal regarding remuneration within the Federal and state public service agencies.
  9. Australia's indigenous population now receives the respect and recognition as one of the world's oldest races.
  10. Australian's are materially more skeptical, post Vietnam and Iraq, about the proponents of going to war and their self-interests.
  11. Australian women are no longer subservient to Australian men in the home.
  12. Australian children are now encouraged to develop their full communicative potential in order to survive in a competitive social environment.

 

 

Australians have re-thought human behaviour that was patently flawed.  Some re-thinking required regulatory authorities to take action eg. drinking and not driving.  Health authority budgets have been stretched by now providing cigarette smoking warnings.  Associated government and regulatory authorities have played a big role.  Credit Cards are the only ever-present 'service' product in the Western world that does not observe the 'User Pays Principle', as the majority of 'Users', known as Transactors, do not pay the costs that they incur.  Revolvers pay for them, often at material personal distress to those Credit Cardholders, their families and close friends, evidencing foregone productivity and creating a material burden on social welfare budgets.  Government and regulatory authorities have failed to play a demonstrative role in righting the on-going wrong of Transactors enjoying a Free Ride. 

 

 

Refer:

Summary Page re Written Questions and the Grounds/Reasons

Grounds/Reasons  (one document with 21 Chapters)

Grounds/Reasons  (21 separate Chapters)

Written Questions  (one document with Written Questions)

Written Questions  (Individual Written Questions)