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Chronic Pain means a complex Biopsychosocial phenomenon explained under the Biopsychosocial Behaviour Model that can have a profound impact on people’s lives which persists beyond the normal time of healing and is conservatively defined as pain experienced every day for three months or more in the previous six months.  Chronic Pain is a surprisingly common condition in Australia. 

The prevalence of Chronic Pain is projected to increase as Australia’s population ages:

*           from around 3.2 million (1.4 million males and 1.7 million females) in 2007

*           to 5.0 million by 2050.

The total cost of Chronic Pain in 2007 was estimated at $34.3 billion – or $10,847 per Australian with Chronic Pain.

Injury from a trauma accident is a major cause of Chronic Pain, followed by a health problem. The most common type of injury is a sports injury followed by work-related accidents and arthritis - diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues. 

Chronic Pain may occur due to the persistent stimulation of nociceptors in areas of ongoing tissue damage, for example, Chronic Pain due to Osteoarthritis.  Frequently, however, Chronic Pain persists long after the tissue damage that initially triggered its onset has resolved, and in some individuals, Chronic Pain can continue without ongoing tissue damage or preceding injury that can be detected with currently available diagnostic technology.

These common Chronic Pain syndromes include: chronic low back pain, headache, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, phantom limb pain, central pain syndromes, Arthritis, cancer, post-herpetic neuralgia, and chronic post-surgical pain.

Knowledge about the underlying pathophysiology of many of these disorders is limited (Ashburn et al, 1999). The NSA Pain Study identified that Chronic Pain was most commonly experienced in the back (45% of those with Chronic Pain), followed by the leg (42%), shoulder (29%), arm (22%) and neck (20%), with some respondents having pain in multiple sites (Blyth et al, 2003a).

Refer:
Section 16(c)
,
 Biopsychosocial Behaviour Model Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, Second Basic Component Of CBT; and
"The high price of pain:  the economic impact of persistent pain in Australia - November 2007" by Access Economics Pty Limited for MBF Foundation,